Pathologically Repeating the Same Cluster of Words Over

What is apraxia of voice communication?

Apraxia of speech (AOS)—also known as caused apraxia of spoken language, verbal apraxia, or childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) when diagnosed in children—is a speech sound disorder. Someone with AOS has trouble saying what he or she wants to say correctly and consistently. AOS is a neurological disorder that affects the brain pathways involved in planning the sequence of movements involved in producing speech. The encephalon knows what it wants to say, but cannot properly programme and sequence the required speech audio movements.

AOS is not caused by weakness or paralysis of the speech muscles (the muscles of the jaw, tongue, or lips). Weakness or paralysis of the speech muscles results in a separate speech disorder, known as dysarthria. Some people accept both dysarthria and AOS, which can make diagnosis of the two conditions more than difficult.

The severity of AOS varies from person to person. It can be and then balmy that information technology causes trouble with only a few oral communication sounds or with pronunciation of words that have many syllables. In the most severe cases, someone with AOS might not be able to communicate effectively by speaking, and may need the help of alternative communication methods.

What are the types and causes of apraxia of speech communication?

There are two principal types of AOS: acquired apraxia of speech and babyhood apraxia of voice communication.

• Acquired AOS can touch on someone at whatsoever historic period, although it most typically occurs in adults. Acquired AOS is caused by damage to the parts of the brain that are involved in speaking and involves the loss or impairment of existing speech abilities. It may result from a stroke, head injury, tumor, or other affliction affecting the encephalon. Acquired AOS may occur together with other atmospheric condition that are caused by damage to the nervous system. One of these is dysarthria, every bit mentioned earlier. Some other is aphasia, which is a linguistic communication disorder. (For more data, run into the NIDCD fact sheet Aphasia.)
• Babyhood AOS is present from birth. This status is besides known as developmental apraxia of speech, developmental verbal apraxia, or articulatory apraxia. Childhood AOS is non the same as developmental delays in speech, in which a child follows the typical path of speech development just does so more than slowly than is typical. The causes of childhood AOS are not well understood. Imaging and other studies have not been able to find evidence of brain harm or differences in the brain structure of children with AOS. Children with AOS oft have family unit members who take a history of a communication disorder or a learning disability. This observation and recent research findings propose that genetic factors may play a role in the disorder. Childhood AOS appears to impact more boys than girls.

What are the symptoms of apraxia of voice communication?

People with either class of AOS may have a number of different spoken language characteristics, or symptoms:

• Distorting sounds. People with AOS may have difficulty pronouncing words correctly. Sounds, peculiarly vowels, are often distorted. Because the speaker may non identify the speech structures (eastward.yard., tongue, jaw) quite in the right place, the sound comes out incorrect. Longer or more complex words are usually harder to say than shorter or simpler words. Audio substitutions might also occur when AOS is accompanied by aphasia.
• Making inconsistent errors in speech. For example, someone with AOS may say a difficult word correctly but then have trouble repeating it, or may be able to say a particular sound ane day and have trouble with the same audio the next 24-hour interval.
• Groping for sounds. People with AOS often announced to be groping for the right sound or discussion, and may effort maxim a word several times before they say it correctly.
• Making errors in tone, stress, or rhythm. Another mutual characteristic of AOS is the incorrect utilize of prosody. Prosody is the rhythm and inflection of speech that we use to help express meaning. Someone who has trouble with prosody might use equal stress, segment syllables in a word, omit syllables in words and phrases, or pause inappropriately while speaking.

Children with AOS by and large sympathise language much amend than they are able to utilise information technology. Some children with the disorder may also have other speech problems, expressive language problems, or motor-skill problems.

How is apraxia of speech diagnosed?

Professionals known every bit speech-linguistic communication pathologists play a key part in diagnosing and treating AOS. Because there is no single symptom or examination that can be used to diagnose AOS, the person making the diagnosis generally looks for the presence of several of a group of symptoms, including those described earlier. Ruling out other conditions, such as muscle weakness or language production problems (e.g., aphasia), can aid with the diagnostic process.

In formal testing for both caused and childhood AOS, a speech-language pathologist may ask the patient to perform spoken language tasks such equally repeating a particular word several times or repeating a listing of words of increasing length (for case, love, loving, lovingly). For caused AOS, a speech-linguistic communication pathologist may also examine the patient's ability to antipodal, read, write, and perform nonspeech movements. To diagnose childhood AOS, parents and professionals may need to detect a child'due south spoken communication over a period of time.

How is apraxia of spoken communication treated?

In some cases, people with acquired AOS recover some or all of their speech abilities on their own. This is called spontaneous recovery.

Children with AOS will not outgrow the trouble on their own. They too practise non larn the basics of speech just past being around other children, such as in a classroom. Therefore, speech-language therapy is necessary for children with AOS as well as for people with acquired AOS who exercise not spontaneously recover all of their speech abilities.

Speech-language pathologists apply different approaches to treat AOS, and no single approach has been proven to exist the most constructive. Therapy is tailored to the individual and is designed to care for other speech or language problems that may occur together with AOS. Frequent, intensive, one-on-1 speech-language therapy sessions are needed for both children and adults with AOS. (The repetitive exercises and personal attention needed to improve AOS are difficult to evangelize in grouping therapy.) Children with astringent AOS may need intensive spoken communication-linguistic communication therapy for years, in parallel with normal schooling, to obtain adequate speech abilities.

In severe cases, adults and children with AOS may need to find other ways to express themselves. These might include formal or breezy sign linguistic communication; a notebook with pictures or written words that tin can be pointed to and shown to other people; or an electronic communication device—such as a smartphone, tablet, or laptop calculator—that tin exist used to write or produce speech. Such assistive communication methods tin can also help children with AOS learn to read and better sympathise spoken linguistic communication by stimulating areas of the brain involved in language and literacy.

Some adults and children volition make more progress during treatment than others. Support and encouragement from family members and friends and extra practice in the habitation surround are important.

What research is being washed to better sympathize apraxia of speech?

Researchers are searching for the causes of babyhood AOS, including the possible role of abnormalities in the brain or other parts of the nervous organization. They are as well looking for genetic factors that may play a role in childhood AOS. Other research on childhood AOS aims to place more than specific criteria and new techniques to diagnose the disorder and to distinguish it from other advice disorders.

Research on acquired AOS includes studies to pinpoint the specific areas of the encephalon that are involved in the disorder. In addition, researchers are studying the effectiveness of various treatment approaches for both acquired and babyhood AOS.

Where can I find additional information nigh apraxia of spoken communication?

The NIDCD maintains a directory of organizations that provide information on the normal and matted processes of hearing, rest, gustation, smell, voice, speech, and linguistic communication.

NIDCD Information Clearinghouse
ane Communication Avenue
Bethesda, Medico 20892-3456
Cost-gratis voice: (800) 241-1044
Toll-free TTY: (800) 241-1055
E-mail:nidcdinfo@nidcd.nih.gov

NIH Pub. No. 13-7466
September 2016

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Source: https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/apraxia-speech